Second-line anti tubercular drugs
These
types of drugs are mostly used as an alternative to the tuberculosis therapy.
In most cases, second-line anti-tubercular drugs are preserved for TB victims
with special conditions. This is especially when; a patient exhibits resistance
to the first-line tubercular drugs (therapy) or cases of MDR-TB
(multidrug-resistance) occurring.
There
exist 6 categories of the second-line tubercular drugs used as medication for
TB. There are various reasons as to why a drug may be classified as a
second-line tubercular drug and they include:
·
Effectiveness –
less effective than the first line tubercular drugs (p-aminosalicylic acid)
·
Exhibition of
toxic side-effects (cycloserine)
·
Availability – it
may be hard to find in developing countries (flouroquinolones)
Second-line drugs include:
·
Aminoglycosides
(amikacin – AMK, kanamycin – KM)
·
Flouroquinolones
( CIP – ciprofloxacin, moxifloxaci – MXF, leyoflaxacin)
·
Polypeptides
(enviomycin, capromycin, viomycin)
·
Terizidone
·
Cycloserinee (closerine)
·
Thioamides (
prothionamide, ethionamide)
Side-effects of
second-line anti-tubercular drugs
Since anti TB therapy involves a broad spectrum of drugs
dispensed for a long time with regard to the TB infection characteristics;
relapses, MDR – TB and XDR – TB, failures as well as re – infections, chances
of experiencing adverse side-effects are high.
Side-effects of the second-line anti-tubercular drugs
naturally occur to patients undertaking their first anti-TB therapy especially
so cases of drug resistance. Emergence side-effects occur in patients depending
on the exhibited characteristics but may also depend on the concomitant used
during therapy. However, risk factors such as HIV and AIDS infections, MDR – TB
treatment, age, diabetes, smoking and adjustment to potential confounders
increase the degree of side-effects in patients.
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ReplyDeleteYes! I'm here to tell the world the actual FACT! which is; there is herbal cure for herpes, Ebola, HIV, cancers, hepatitis, ulcers, asthma, pile, diabetes and many big names of diseases. all my career I've lived my life believing and making research on this, till I confirmed it four years ago. Since four years ago and till today I still say yes! That among many real traditional herbalist Dr Nze Utu Njoku @ (drutuherbalcure) cures this diseases using African traditional herbs. After he cured me four years ago of genital herpes, ever since then I worked with him distance never a barrier, I'm a living witness to this. And I have directed both genital and oral herpes patients to him and they are permanently cured. I'm Ethan Oliver from Australia and also a herbal dealer and lover. I'm also a researcher on herbs for good health. Which also include Africa traditional herbal treatment, I support Herbal treatment, cure and vaccines. My view is based on my extensive research over a very long period of time, and my conclusion is, there is cure to all natural diseases including HSV, HIV, CANCERS, DIABETES, using the right medications with the right herbalist. Are you herpes positive and permanently want get rid of this disease or any of this big name diseases don't be scared to save yourself, contact Dr Utu for permanent herbal cure. Be bold and smart Don't be fooled by selfish people who say, cure is impossible.
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