Saturday, April 6, 2013

Causative organism of tuberculosis and its structure


Causative organism of tuberculosis and its structure
Mycobacterium

Common and lethal in most cases, tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with various types of mycobacteria, normally the mycobactrium tuberculosis. It mostly affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. As an airborne disease, it is easily spread through the air especially so when TB victims sneeze, cough or emit respiratory fluids to the air. Most of the TB infections are asymptomatic and latent but it is
believed that in about 1 out 10 infections (latent) eventually develop the active disease, which if great care is not observed, may result to 50% deaths of the TB infection victims.

The mycobacterium tuberculosis is an aerobic non-motile bacillus containing a high content of lipids which enables it to exhibit a number of distinctive clinical characteristics. It has the ability to divide itself into various parts after every 16 – 20 hours. This rate is low compared to other types of bacteria which can divide themselves in less that one hour.
The mycobactrium has an outer membrane bilayer made of lipids. As a result of the high content of lipids and myocolic acid on the cell walls, when Gram stain is conducted, MTB may either stain weakly (gram-positive) or may not be able to retain dye. The MTB has the ability to endure weak disinfectants and stay alive in dry conditions for several weeks.

Naturally, the bacterium can only grow within the host’s organism cells; however, M. tuberculosis can also be produced in laboratories. The complex type of M. tuberculosis comprises of four different types of the TB causing agent – mycobacteria namely:
·        M. africanum
·        M.bovis
·        M.microti
·        M.canetti
Although M. africanum is not extensively spread, it has been associated with tuberculosis in various parts of Africa. The introduction of the pasteurized milk, M. bovis, once a common cause of TB, has been greatly eradicated in most developed countries. On the hand, M. canetti is a rare case that has been confined to the Horn of Africa with a few cases found in the African emigrants. Like M. canetti, M. microti is also a rare case with its prevalence being greatly underestimated. 

2 comments:

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