Clinical Feature and the Treatment of Perforated Peptic Ulcer Diseases

Peptic Ulcer disease is a condition when excessive acid pepsin condition makes a foramen (perforation) in the gas containing hollow viscous of the abdomen.

Clinical feature of perforated peptic ulcer disease

1.       History of previous peptic ulcer disease and non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) intake.

PUD perforation

2.       Abdominal pain; which is sudden in onset, severe in intensity. The distribution of the pain follows the spread of the gastric contents over the peritoneum. Pain initially develops on the upper abdomen and rapidly become generalized. Pain is also being felt on the tip of the shoulder due to the irritation of the diaphragm. The pain is accompanied by shallow respiration due to limitation of the diaphragmatic movement and by shock.

3.       The muscle of the abdomen become board like rigid.

4.       Bowel sounds are not audible.

Acute pancreatitis can bringa muti systemic complication

Acute pancreatitis

Pancreas 

Acute pancreatitis can be defined as an acute inflammation of the tissue of the pancreas. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are, stone in the common bile duct and excessive alcohol intake. In most of the cases the patient presents with a severe upper abdominal pain which radiates to the back. Skin color change in the flank of the abdomen can also be seen. The mortality rate in severe attack of acute pancreatitis is very high. And the risk of long term complication or other disabilities are very high as well.

Some Common Complications of Acute Pancreatitis:

Systemic complications:

1.       Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

2.       Hypoxia

Diseases caused by herpes virus

Diseases caused by herpes virus

Diseases caused by herpes virus

There are various diseases caused by herpes virus. Genital herpes and sores around the mouth are some of the health conditions one may experience once infected with one type of the herpes virus. Facial sores may also occur in individuals victimized by the herpes virus.

In certain cases, another type 3 three of the virus has been associated with chickenpox as well as shingles in adults. This occurs as a result of the varicella zosta virus. Mononucleosis condition, a highly contagious infection of the herpes virus, is characterized by coughing, sneezing and

Treatment of gastric outlet obstruction

Treatment of gastric outlet obstruction

Treatment

Treating a patient with gastric outlet obstruction complications depend entirely on the cause. This may require a patient to undergo endoscopic therapy - dilating the blockage using balloons or placing metallic stents that are self expendable, other types of medical therapies and surgery to remove the obstruction.

Although the treatments vary depending on the type of cause, the most commonly used methods are surgery and medication.

Sign and symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction

Sign and symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction

gastric outlet obstruction

In gastric outlet obstruction, vomiting has been singled out as the main symptom. This is a health condition that typically occurs after meals where the victim lets out undigested food that has no traces of bile. Historically, weight loss and peptic ulcers have been found to be very common in patients.

In cases where the condition has reached an advanced stage,

Risk factors of gastric outlet obstruction

Risk factors of gastric outlet obstruction

Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a medical condition where obstruction occurs at pylorus, a stomach outlet. Victims of this health condition exhibit recurrent vomiting of the food that is accumulated in the stomach which finds it hard to pass through the small intestines because of the obstruction. Naturally, the stomach contracts and expands to allow in the intake of food and secretion respectively.

Treatment of Deviated nasal septum

Treatment of Deviated nasal septum

Deviated nasal septum

In less severe cases, the symptoms can be managed by simple medications like antihistamines, nasal sprays and decongestants. However, medication is a temporary method of relieving the pain as it does not actually rectify the situation. Nevertheless, medication to the symptoms associated with septal deviation can be done in form of a slight surgery process commonly known as septoplasty.

This surgery procedure is quickly performed –lasting for about an hour and does not involve any kind of cosmetic changes or scars externally. One who has undergone this surgery may take 4 days to completely heal. However, it is important to note that after the surgery, the septal bones do not re-grow. In some cases, the symptoms may reappear but this may be due to a different cause and not anything related to deviation.

Signs and symptoms of Deviated nasal septum

Signs and symptoms of Deviated nasal septum

In septum nasal deviation, the most common symptoms include the sinus infections which lead to sleep apnea, recurrent sneezing, snoring, pains in the face, nose bleeding, breathing difficulties and slight to complete loss of smelling ability. In essence, nasal septum refers to the bone and cartilage separating the nasal cavity into two – hence, the two nostrils. The cartilage on the other hand, is commonly referred to as quadrangular cartilage and the septum bones include vomer, ethmoid perpendicular plate and the maxillary crest. Usually, the septum is located at the centre forming symmetrical nasal passages.

Deviated Nasal Septum (DNS)

Deviated Nasal Septum

This is a nose physical disorder which involves the displacement of the nasal septum

Cause and type of Deviated nasal septum

Deviated Nasal Septum

The causes of nasal deviation septum is mostly caused by physical trauma such as a blow to the nose or it can also occur due to congenital disorder resulting  from a compression of the nose at birth,  before or it can occur during the first month after birth as a neonatal disease regardless of the cause. Among these health conditions, there are those associated with structural deformations commonly referred to as congenital anomalies and they involve damaging of the developing fetus.

Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Homocystinuria are some of the connective tissue disorders associated with septum deviation. The congenital disorder may occur as a result of the genetic abnormalities, infection, chromosomal abnormalities, morphogenesis errors and intrauterine environment. However, the gravity of the disorder is mainly dependent on the complex interactions of the pre-natal deficits and the post natal environment. Studies done on animals reveal that the intake of vitamins and increased glucose levels by either the mother or the father shortly before ovulating and conception pose a long term effect on the growth of the fetus;  adolescent and mature stages of the disease. The cause and abnormalities influence the type of congenital disorders and anything that may result to birth defection is called teratogen.

TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS

TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS

TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRIOSIS

Treatment depends on age, severity of symptoms, and severity of disease, as well as whether one plans to have children in the future.  If one has pain or bleeding but are not planning to get pregnant soon, birth control hormones (patch, pills, or ring) or anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) may be advised to control pain. Birth control hormones are likely to keep endometriosis from getting worse. Also, surgery may be needed if the implants are affecting other organs and this is to remove endometrial growths and scar tissue.  In dealing with infertility, one should consider trying fertility drugs with insemination or in vitro fertilization.

ENDOMETRIOSIS

ENDOMETRIOSIS

ENDOMETRIOSIS

In the fast-paced, modern world that we live in today, people are so busy that we sometimes do not notice the changes that our bodies undergo.  Women, especially, must be aware of these developments, since it is the female reproductive organs that go through changes every month.

One of the problems that commonly affect a woman’s reproductive system is endometriosis.

How is an acute appendicitis treated?

How is an acute appendicitis treated?

appendix

 It is always common in the ER that when a client presents right quadrant abdominal pain a doctor will suspect a case of acute appendicitis. It is not yet a definite diagnosis since abdominal pain alone can have a number of etiology and to be able to rule out certain conditions a clinician will have to first order a series of diagnostic tests to validate his impression of the condition. These tests are ordered since relying only on the judgement based on the presenting signs and symptoms are not reliable indicators to diagnose a problem since some are similar with the signs and symptoms of other varying gastrointestinal conditions and most often some will present atypical cues.

What is an ACUTE APENDICITIS?

 What is an ACUTE APENDICITIS?

Acute Apendicitis

It is always a common sight in the ER to see a number of clients who are rushing in into the room and complain of abdominal pain. Moreover, that abdominal pain doesn’t immediately equate to just one medical condition where the clinician could treat the client right away. An acute abdomen can be indicative of a wide array of gastrointestinal conditions but with the help of modern diagnostic tools clinicians are able to pinpoint the problem more conveniently and most commonly among others the pain can be a result of an acute appendicitis.

Acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis

Based on the recent statistical report by the World Health Organization, there are 2,834 reported deaths in the United States alone, caused by acute pancreatitis. It is continually growing through the years and is posing a major health concern among people.

Acute pancreatitis is the medical term generally reserved for the acute inflammation of the pancreas. About 80% of hospital admissions for acute pancreatitis are attributed to alcoholism and biliary tract disease.