Clinical Feature and the Treatment of Perforated Peptic Ulcer Diseases

Peptic Ulcer disease is a condition when excessive acid pepsin condition makes a foramen (perforation) in the gas containing hollow viscous of the abdomen.

Clinical feature of perforated peptic ulcer disease

1.       History of previous peptic ulcer disease and non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) intake.

PUD perforation

2.       Abdominal pain; which is sudden in onset, severe in intensity. The distribution of the pain follows the spread of the gastric contents over the peritoneum. Pain initially develops on the upper abdomen and rapidly become generalized. Pain is also being felt on the tip of the shoulder due to the irritation of the diaphragm. The pain is accompanied by shallow respiration due to limitation of the diaphragmatic movement and by shock.

3.       The muscle of the abdomen become board like rigid.

4.       Bowel sounds are not audible.

What is Hydatid cyst? Investigations and treatment.

Hydatid cyst

Hydatid cyst is a very common cystic disease of liver, in the people of the subcontinent. This disease is most common among the people of India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar. This is a parasitic disease. And the causative organism is Echinococcus granulosus.

Hydatid cyst

Structure of Hydatid cyst:

The cyst is composed of three layers. They are;

1.       An outer layer derived from the host.

2.       An intermediate laminated layer.

3.       An inner germinal layer.

Feature of the cyst:

1.       They can be single or multiple.

2.       Chronic cysts become calcified.

3.       The cyst may be asymptomatic but may present with abdominal pain or mass.

4.       Rupture or secondary infection of the cyst can occur and a communication with the intrahepatic biliary tree can then result with associated biliary obstruction.

Acute pancreatitis can bringa muti systemic complication

Acute pancreatitis

Pancreas 

Acute pancreatitis can be defined as an acute inflammation of the tissue of the pancreas. The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are, stone in the common bile duct and excessive alcohol intake. In most of the cases the patient presents with a severe upper abdominal pain which radiates to the back. Skin color change in the flank of the abdomen can also be seen. The mortality rate in severe attack of acute pancreatitis is very high. And the risk of long term complication or other disabilities are very high as well.

Some Common Complications of Acute Pancreatitis:

Systemic complications:

1.       Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

2.       Hypoxia

Treatment of gastric outlet obstruction

Treatment of gastric outlet obstruction

Treatment

Treating a patient with gastric outlet obstruction complications depend entirely on the cause. This may require a patient to undergo endoscopic therapy - dilating the blockage using balloons or placing metallic stents that are self expendable, other types of medical therapies and surgery to remove the obstruction.

Although the treatments vary depending on the type of cause, the most commonly used methods are surgery and medication.

Sign and symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction

Sign and symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction

gastric outlet obstruction

In gastric outlet obstruction, vomiting has been singled out as the main symptom. This is a health condition that typically occurs after meals where the victim lets out undigested food that has no traces of bile. Historically, weight loss and peptic ulcers have been found to be very common in patients.

In cases where the condition has reached an advanced stage,

Risk factors of gastric outlet obstruction

Risk factors of gastric outlet obstruction

Gastric outlet obstruction refers to a medical condition where obstruction occurs at pylorus, a stomach outlet. Victims of this health condition exhibit recurrent vomiting of the food that is accumulated in the stomach which finds it hard to pass through the small intestines because of the obstruction. Naturally, the stomach contracts and expands to allow in the intake of food and secretion respectively.

How is an acute appendicitis treated?

How is an acute appendicitis treated?

appendix

 It is always common in the ER that when a client presents right quadrant abdominal pain a doctor will suspect a case of acute appendicitis. It is not yet a definite diagnosis since abdominal pain alone can have a number of etiology and to be able to rule out certain conditions a clinician will have to first order a series of diagnostic tests to validate his impression of the condition. These tests are ordered since relying only on the judgement based on the presenting signs and symptoms are not reliable indicators to diagnose a problem since some are similar with the signs and symptoms of other varying gastrointestinal conditions and most often some will present atypical cues.

What is an ACUTE APENDICITIS?

 What is an ACUTE APENDICITIS?

Acute Apendicitis

It is always a common sight in the ER to see a number of clients who are rushing in into the room and complain of abdominal pain. Moreover, that abdominal pain doesn’t immediately equate to just one medical condition where the clinician could treat the client right away. An acute abdomen can be indicative of a wide array of gastrointestinal conditions but with the help of modern diagnostic tools clinicians are able to pinpoint the problem more conveniently and most commonly among others the pain can be a result of an acute appendicitis.

Acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis

Based on the recent statistical report by the World Health Organization, there are 2,834 reported deaths in the United States alone, caused by acute pancreatitis. It is continually growing through the years and is posing a major health concern among people.

Acute pancreatitis is the medical term generally reserved for the acute inflammation of the pancreas. About 80% of hospital admissions for acute pancreatitis are attributed to alcoholism and biliary tract disease.