How Normal Menstrual Cycle is Regulated

How Normal Menstrual Cycle is Regulated

How Normal Menstrual Cycle is Regulated

When a woman reaches puberty stage, she encounters different changes in her body. One of them is the monthly period or also known as menstruation. A menstrual cycle is a female reproductive cycle that causes monthly bleeding except during pregnancy. It lasts from menarche (the first menstruation) to menopause.

The normal menstrual cycle has an average age of

Side Effects of Oral Combined Pill

Side Effects of Oral Combined Pill

Oral combined pill is one of the artificial methods for reproductive life planning. This is also called the hormonal contraceptive which is as the name implies causing hormones that regulate the normal menstrual cycle to fluctuate. The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth-control pill or simply as "the Pill", is a birth control method that is composed of varying amounts of synthetic estrogen combined with a small amount of synthetic progesterone. Estrogen is a hormone that suppresses the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) thereby suppressing ovulation. Progesterone on the other hand

Hormones that Regulate Menstrual Cycle

Hormones that Regulate Menstrual Cycle

Hormones controlling Menstrual Cycle 

Like any other body processes, hormones are involved at every stage of the menstrual cycle. Hormones work like messengers that travel in the bloodstream to transport signals from one cell to another. During the women’s monthly period, several hormones are responsible for the control of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle in women is a recurring process in which the lining of the uterus is prepared for pregnancy, and if pregnancy does not happen, the lining is shed at menstruation.

There are four essential hormones in control namely the Gonadotropic Hormones

Complication of BCG vaccine

Complication of BCG vaccine

Complication of BCG vaccine

BCG vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis related to meningitis as well as disseminated TB in humankind. Although severe cases of complication of BCG vaccine are rare, there are selected cases where acute reactions have been observed.  These cases include a situation where a test was carried out on a patient with erythematous (7-mm) nodule at 4cm – distance from the vaccination site. During this test, histopathologically, a reaction (necrotizing granulomatous) pattern was observed in the dermis.

Causative organism of tuberculosis and its structure

Causative organism of tuberculosis and its structure

Mycobacterium

Common and lethal in most cases, tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease associated with various types of mycobacteria, normally the mycobactrium tuberculosis. It mostly affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. As an airborne disease, it is easily spread through the air especially so when TB victims sneeze, cough or emit respiratory fluids to the air. Most of the TB infections are asymptomatic and latent but it is

Second-line anti tubercular drugs

Second-line anti tubercular drugs

These types of drugs are mostly used as an alternative to the tuberculosis therapy. In most cases, second-line anti-tubercular drugs are preserved for TB victims with special conditions. This is especially when; a patient exhibits resistance to the first-line tubercular drugs (therapy) or cases of MDR-TB (multidrug-resistance) occurring.

Drugs used to treat TB

Drugs used to treat TB

There are various ways by which TB can be managed. This includes a number of drugs given at different stages of various conditions.

First-line anti-tubercular drugs

Diseases caused by herpes virus

Diseases caused by herpes virus

Diseases caused by herpes virus

There are various diseases caused by herpes virus. Genital herpes and sores around the mouth are some of the health conditions one may experience once infected with one type of the herpes virus. Facial sores may also occur in individuals victimized by the herpes virus.

In certain cases, another type 3 three of the virus has been associated with chickenpox as well as shingles in adults. This occurs as a result of the varicella zosta virus. Mononucleosis condition, a highly contagious infection of the herpes virus, is characterized by coughing, sneezing and

Types of herpes virus

Types of herpes virus

There are 8 different types of herpes virus known to affect human beings and they are popularly known by numbers from HHV1 to 8.

Types of herpes virus

HHV 1

This is also referred to as herpes simplex virus 1 or HSV1. This is one of the types of herpes virus that can spread to the genital area resulting to genital herpes. This is mainly through genital contact (oral). HHV 1 is highly contagious and can spread through broken skin or mucous membranes when one comes into direct contact with an infected person. This can also spread through sharing of things like utensils, towels from people with active lesions and razors

Structures of herpes virus

Structures of herpes virus

Structures of herpes virus

According to researches, all animal herpes viruses have similar properties. The herpes virus has a double-stranded, DNA genome (linear) which is found within a cage called caspid, an icosahedral protein cage. It is wrapped in a lipid bilayer commonly known as envelope. By means of tegument, the enveloped is attached to the caspid.